The history of Mahatma Gandhi in English

Human man society particularly that of a democratic form,always needs a symbol.In the noblest sense of him,Gandhiji's personality is a symbol of truthfulness,love, courage and sacrifice for the suffering of humanity.Gandhiji was a man who every moment of his life moved according to the principles he upheld,his aim was to identify himself completely with an idea he became its living embodiment.What he deeply believed in was the true goodness of man which is an inherent truth.Every incident of his life is replete with a radical type of humanism in which the well being of man was of supreme consideration.Each one of us should try to work incessantly for fashioning our own personality in the embodiment of truth,goodness and beauty and leave the rest to God.He was in his own way right thinker,a social reformer and an economist,but his genius in protecting himself as the 'commonest of common men' and in giving ear to everyone irrespective of caste,creed,sex or country.It was said of him that no one was a foreigner to him and no act of service however minor was trifle for him.Mahatma Gandhi believed in Adivaita and Ahimsa.Gandhiji fought the war of independence through his weapon for non-violence.His politics may be a subject of controversy but his place in the hearts of India cannot be shaken by a number of political mistakes he might have made because we know he was truthful to the core.Now,here is the history of Mahatma Gandhi.

The life story of Mahatma Gandhi.

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on October 2,1869 at Probander in Saurashtra Gujrat in a well-to-do family.He proceeded to England in 1888 and returned to India as a Barrister in 1891.He failed as a practising lawyer both at Rajkot and in Mumbai.In 1893 he proceeded to Natal in South Africa as a lawyer of Porbandar firm.There he was deeply shocked by the political and social disabilities which were imposed by law, administrative and social measures of European upon the Indian residents.He founded a political association known as the Natal Indian Congress and also a newspaper called Indian Opinion.He revolted against the racial discrimination and degradation to which Indians had to submit in the South African colonies.Gandhiji soon assumed the leadership of struggle against these conditions during 1893-1914 and during the struggle he evolved the technique of Satyagraha based on truth and non violence.Gandhiji returned to India in January 1915 at the age of 46.For one year,he travelled all over India, understanding Indian conditions and the Indian people and then in 1916, founded the Sabarmati Ashram at Ahmedabad.

-Champaran Satyagraha(1917)

The word Satyagraha is derived from two words,Satya and Agraha which means "truth-force".Gandhiji's first great experiment came in the form of Satyagraha in 1917 in Champarana,Bihar,when Gandhiji was persuaded to raise his voice against injustice being meted out to the planters and cultivators by British Government.Alongwith other nationalists,Gandhiji was also aroused by Rowlatt Act which was also known as "Black Bill".Before the Bills passed into Rowlatt act,Gandhiji had organised in February 1919 a Satyagraha Committee the member of which  were to take pledge to refuse to obey these laws.But in this struggle they were to follow truth and refrain from violence to life,person or property.Satyagraha for Gandhiji was a religious movement.However,the Bill was enacted in March 18,1919.The Rowlatt Satyagraha as a political campaign was a failure as it did not attain its object the Repeal of the Rowlatt Act but it projected Gandhiji as all India leader of immense potential.

-Non-Cooperation Movement(1920)

It was the national movement launched by Gandhiji in 1920 against Rowlatt Act,Jallianwala Bagh Masscare, injustice done to Sultan of Turkey,etc.During the earlier years of his political career,Gandhiji cooperated the British government on many issues.He even asked the Indians to cooperate with the Britishers during the First World War.However, Gandhiji's role as the cooperator of British government did not last long.The Rowlatt Act(1919),followed by the Jallianwala Bagh Masscare and thr Khilafat issues, suffering of people after World War I, poverty, unemployment, droughts embittered Gandhiji's feelings towards the British government.Mahatma Gandhi planned to withdraw the nation's cooperation from the government and decided to launch thr Non-Cooperation Movement.

-Chauri Chaura Incident(1922)

This incident occurred in 1922 when the Non-Cooperation Movement was at its peak.On February 5,1922 a clash took place at Chauri Chaura in Uttar Pradesh in which 22 policemen were burnt alive.Mahatma Gandhi who advocated non-violence was deeply shocked over this act of violence and decided to to suspend the law-breaking part of the movement as felt that the country was not prepared for non-violent struggle.He asked Congressman to give all their attension  to the constructive programme,i.e,removal of the practice of untouchability,Hindu-Muslim unity and the use of the handwoven cloth.The congress Working Committee which met on February 12 at Bardoli(Gujarat) confirmed the decision.On march 10,1922 Gandhi was arrested for propagating sedition.He was sentenced to six years imprisonment.However,Gandhiji was released after two years because of failing health.

-Civil Disobedience Movement(1930)

Civil Disobedience Movement was started by Gandhiji on 12 March 1930,with his famous Dandi March.Gandhiji alongwith 78 companions which included Sarojini Naidu marched nearly 375km from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi,a village in Gujarat sea-coast.Once the way was cleared by Gandhiji.The resistance of salt laws started all over the country.Gandhiji was arrested on May 5,1930 before he offered Satyagraha and made salt at government depot at Dharsaha 150 miles from Bombay.

-Gandhi-Irwin Pact(1931)

Gandhiji is also known for Gandhi-Irwin pact on March 5,1931.Under this, Gandhiji agreed to suspend the Civil Disobedience Movement and to participate in the Second Round Table Conference.The terms of agreement included the immediate release of all political pioneers the remission of all fines and lenient treatment of all those who had been arrested.

-Gandhiji's role Quit India Movement(1942) 

On August 8,1942 Gandhi addressed the people as such "Everyone of you should from this movement onwards consider yourself as a free man or woman and acts as if you are free----I am not going to be satisfied with anything  short of complete freedom.We should do or die.We shall either free India or die in this attempt.The resolution demanded  immediate ending of the British rule.

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